Inflation is the increase in the price you pay for goods and services, which affects the purchasing power of your money. This is more accurately called "price inflation" as compared to "monetary inflation". As inflation increases, the value of your money decreases. There are many different causes of inflation, but the most important cause is an increase in a country’s money supply. When the government decides to print money or implement a quantitative easing program, the money supply is increased (i.e. monetary inflation), thus affecting the general level of prices. As we can see in the following chart, the Federal Reserve engaged in three phases of quantitative easing i.e. QE1, QE2, … [Read more...]
How Does Inflation Affect Foreign Exchange Rates
Inflation affects every consumer, business person and investor in some way or other. Inflation is one of the key factors that affect consumer prices, financial markets including Stocks, Bonds and Forex. As such, it is important for consumers, investors and traders to get a deeper understanding of what is inflation and what causes it. What is Inflation? Understanding inflation is often complicated by the fact that the cause and the effect are often muddled together in people's minds due to the lazy way we often refer to inflation. The effect of inflation is what people see when they go shopping and see increases in the general price of goods and services. When the individual prices of just … [Read more...]
Are Deflationary Forces Taking Hold Again?
From the chart below we can see that deflation was an issue in 2009 as the market eliminated billions of dollars in assets when it crashed. The FED used all the tricks in the book to combat the contraction of the money supply including lowering interest rates to near zero and when that wasn't enough it began buying assets through its "quantitative easing" (QE) programs. But the deflationary forces weren't through yet and by 2015 the FED was once again battling deflation. In the chart below we can see that after dropping interest rates to almost zero they kept them there until 2016 when they increased rates very tentatively. But in 2017 they began raising rates a bit more … [Read more...]
2018 Ends with More Disinflation
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) released their monthly Consumer Price Index report on January 11th 2019, for January 1 through December 31, 2018. Annual Inflation is Down Annual inflation in December was 1.91% down from November's 2.18%. December's CPI was 251.233 which was below November's 252.038, below October, September and even below the 251.588 in May. Monthly Inflation for December was -0.32% virtually identical to November's -0.33%. Next release February 13th Monthly Inflation: According to the BLS commissioner's report, "In December, the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers fell 0.1 percent on a seasonally adjusted basis; rising 1.9 percent over … [Read more...]
How Inflation and Interest Rates Relate
In addition to sounding similar interest and inflation are amazingly inter-related. And in effect interest rates incorporate a "negative feedback loop" into inflation. When people think of the word inflation they generally think of how inflation affects them. They see rising prices of common commodities like gasoline or food and worry about the rising cost of living. But that is simply the effect of inflation and it is technically referred to as "price inflation" but the cause of price inflation itself is actually much more complicated. In the short run, prices can rise due to a shortage in supply, such as a gasoline shortage caused by a refinery having to shut down due to a … [Read more...]
The Effects of Inflation and Interest Rates on Commodity Prices
In common usage, inflation refers to steadily rising prices of goods and services over time, while "deflation" relates to falling prices. Inflation is both a boon and a bane to the economy and the rate of inflation is affected by a variety of factors including FED monetary policy, interest rates, supply vs. demand, and the Velocity of money. However, strictly speaking, rising prices are "price inflation" which is generally caused by "monetary inflation" i.e. the expansion of the money supply, among other things. See What is Inflation? for more info. Many Keynesian Economists believe that Inflation is a prerequisite for economic growth and prosperity and Keynesians believe Monetary … [Read more...]
Annual Inflation Up Slightly in August
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) released their monthly inflation report for August on September 16th. According to the BLS Annual Inflation rose from 0.84% in July to 1.06% in August bringing inflation back in line with the levels in April through June. Inflation was 1.13% in April, 1.02% in May, and 1.01% in June. However, the rise was not due to high monthly inflation. Monthly inflation was only 0.09% for August 2016. Rather annual inflation rose because August 2015's -0.14% fell out of the equation. Interestingly, if last month's monthly inflation of -0.16% .was swapped with this month's 0.09% the Annual Inflation rate would have been much more stable. The rate would look … [Read more...]
July Inflation Down for 3rd Consecutive Month
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) released their monthly inflation report for July on August 16th. According to the BLS Annual Inflation declined for the third consecutive month. Annual inflation was 1.13% in April, 1.02% in May, 1.01% in June and 0.84% in July. Not only did the rate of inflation fall but actual consumer prices declined as the CPI-U index declined from 241.038 to 240.647. Thus monthly inflation was -0.16%. For the year food at home was down -1.6%, energy was down -10.9%, used cars and trucks were down -3.7%, while overall transportation was down -4.9%. With all of these categories down one might wonder what actually caused the inflation rate to rise that meager … [Read more...]
US Consumer Spending vs. FED Inflation Decision
The Fed will meet on the 16th and 17th of September to decide whether it’s time to normalize its accommodative monetary policy. But despite vice-chairman Stanley Fischer’s hints at an inflation increase in September, analysts still think that several factors complicate the FED’s decision. Recent turbulence in equities markets across the globe as well as uncertainties about China’s market are only some of the factors putting a damper on the economy. During an Economic Policy Symposium held in Wyoming this August, central bankers discussed how inflation would finally rise despite these issues. After all, the factors that had been holding it down (including fading oil prices, downward … [Read more...]
Economy vs. Fed Rate Hikes
Confusion Continues The bad news is markets tend to get jittery when the Fed is preparing for a new interest rate cycle. The good news is the primary reason the Fed is contemplating raising interest rates is a strengthening U.S. economy. The question in the short run is: Will the economy be strong enough to offset the negative impact of higher rates? The odds of the answer being “yes” increased Thursday. From Reuters: Gross domestic product expanded at a 4.2 percent annual rate instead of the previously reported 4.0 percent pace, the Commerce Department said on Thursday. Both business spending and exports were revised higher, while a buildup in business inventories was smaller than … [Read more...]
