What are Bonds? Bonds are a type of "debt instrument" frequently issued by corporations and governments. Typically they have a "par value" of 100 (or 1000). Par value, aka. "nominal value" is the face value of a bond. However, bonds can trade at a premium or discount to face value but at the end of its term, the borrower (i.e. government or corporation) must pay the lender (i.e. investor, aka. creditors or debtholders) the face value. During the term of the loan, the borrower makes interest payments to the lender based on the face value and the listed interest rate (aka. coupon rate). Bonds can be issues for fairly long terms i.e. 20 or 30 years so interest rates can change drastically … [Read more...]